10) Art deco

Art deco

Art deco is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s and into the World War II era.The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and jewelry, as well as the visual arts such as painting, graphic arts and film.The term "art deco" was coined in 1966, after an exhibition in Paris, 'Les Années 25' sub-titled Art Deco, celebrating the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) that was the culmination of style moderne in Paris. At its best, art deco represented elegance, glamour, functionality and modernity. Art deco's linear symmetry was a distinct departure from the flowing asymmetrical organic curves of its predecessor style art nouveau; it embraced influences from many different styles of the early twentieth century, including neoclassical, constructivism, cubism, modernism and futurism and drew inspiration from ancient Egyptian and Aztec forms. Although many design movements have political or philosophical beginnings or intentions, art deco was purely decorative.Art deco experienced a decline in popularity during the late 1930s and early 1940s, but had a resurgence during the 1960s with the first book on the subject by Bevis Hillier in 1968 and later an exhibition organised by him in Minneapolis in 1971. It continued with the popularization of graphic design during the 1980s. Art deco had a profound influence on many later artistic styles, such as Memphis and pop art.Architectural examples survive in many different locations worldwide, in countries as diverse as China, India, Latvia, Colombia, and the United States. In New York City, the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and Rockefeller Center are among the largest and best-known examples of the style.

9 ）抽象画

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旅居海外的著名画家蔡居先生日前参加环球金融中心艺术沙龙讲座，与投资人和金融机构进行“艺术与财富对话”，主讲抽象画的欣赏与投资。在国内艺术品市场上，抽象艺术虽然占了不小的一席之地，但从拍卖市场来看，抽象画还基本处于一种蓄势待发的状态。

　

　旅居海外的著名画家蔡居先生日前参加环球金融中心艺术沙龙讲座，与投资人和金融机构进行“艺术与财富对话”，主讲抽象画的欣赏与投资。

　　近几年，中国油画在拍卖市场上成为引人关注的焦点，成为极具增长力的艺术品投资品种，国内几大拍卖公司油画拍卖更是火爆。中国油画市场的崛起令几乎所有的艺术品投资者关注，油画中最先领涨的是写实绘画板块。短短两年的时间，中国油画市场的名家油画价格就翻了好几倍。但在中国油画领域里呈迅速扩张的抽象油画，在这几年却波澜不兴。与此相对照的是，赵无极、朱德群等抽象画大师的作品在海外拍卖市场屡屡拍出天价。如赵无极的抽象画《构图第八号》（1958年作）在香港佳士得拍卖行拍出了2624.56万元人民币；而朱德群的抽象画《红雨村，白云舍》（1960年作）也拍出了2588万元人民币。

　　有人说，抽象画是西方的“舶来品”，那么怎样鉴赏抽象画？抽象画在艺术品市场上的前景究竟如何？此次来沪做抽象画讲座，蔡居谈到了抽象画畅行世界的秘密。他以2005年纽约一份调查举例说，在纽约市100个著名宾馆和公共建筑底楼大厅里挂的“门面画”，抽象画占了80%；上海120个新建著名大楼门厅挂的画中，抽象画也占了70％。他认为，这是现代社会的文化现象，高科技、高生产力、全球化的时代需要寻找到与这样的生活节奏相符合的艺术形式，抽象画是最好的选择。

　　在国内艺术品市场上，抽象艺术虽然占了不小的一席之地，但从拍卖市场来看，抽象画还基本处于一种蓄势待发的状态。对不少初入拍卖市场的收藏者来说，抽象画往往令他们感到匪夷所思。因此，挑选具有投资价值的抽象油画，就一定要做好“功课”，掌握抽象油画的价值评判标准和熟悉整个抽象油画历史。总而言之，抽象画在中国拍卖市场是有潜力的。 

　　

8）印象主义概念

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    印象主义。英文：Impressionism

    

    法语作Impressionnisme

    

     19世纪后半期～20 世纪初期流行于法国、欧美乃至世界的一种艺术流派和文艺思潮。

    

    19世纪西方美术的中心在法国，主宰法国画坛的仍然是有势力的官方学院派。19世纪下半叶法国画界有一部分青年画家反对官方学院派艺术的墨守成规，由于自己的创新作品不能在官方沙龙展出而强烈反对官方的审查制度，他们要求艺术上的革新和创作自由，经常聚集在巴黎的盖尔波瓦咖啡馆自由交换对艺术的见解，共同寻求艺术创新道路。

    

    19世纪後后半期形成于法国的一个重要的绘画运动，包括1867～1886年期间一批持有相近的观点和采用相近技巧的画家的活动。这些画家个性十分鲜明，非常讲究实际，没有确定的共同遵守的具体原则。但印象主义最明显的特点则是，力图客观地描绘视觉现实中的瞬息片刻，主要是表现纯粹光的关系。

    在广义上，印象主义一词有时也用于19世纪後期的其他艺术(通常指音乐，但有时也指文学)，它们所采用的技巧和达到的效果同印象主义绘画相似。主要的印象主义画家有莫内、马奈、毕沙罗、雷诺瓦、西斯莱(Alfred Sisley)、窦加(Edgar Degas)、摩里索(Berthe Morisot)、吉约曼(Armand Guillaumin)和巴齐耶(Frederic Bazille)，他们一起工作，相互影响，并一起独立展出作品，只有继续谋求官方赞许的马奈例外。这些画家在其早期的创作生涯中，就对统治欧洲艺术达200年之久的种种清规戒律表示不满。

    

   1860年代後期，马奈的艺术反映了一种新的美学观点，有史以来第一次把画家从传统上占统治地位的以题材为中心的创作方法中解放出来；他主张把重点严格地放在绘画艺术的组成部分——颜色和形体上。在大约同一时间内，莫内、毕沙罗、雷诺瓦、西斯莱和巴齐耶在风景画中努力探索一种更有直接的方法来描绘灿烂的光和色。莫内以他出类拔萃的敏锐目光一马当先。当时这方面的科学研究表明︰颜色不是物体所固有的特性，而是物体反射出来的光线。在这种观点影响下，这些画家努力探索一种有效的方法，以突破物体的单一的，表面看来一成不变的「固有」色；他们力图捕捉物体在特定时间内所自然呈现的那种瞬息即逝的颜色，那种受一时的气氛条件、距离和周围其他物体影响的颜色。他们从画水开始，把水波反射出来的许多颜色完全按照他们亲眼目睹的那样表现出来。他们把这一做法扩大到从建筑物到天空的所有其他物体，笔触简短明瞭，远看是一堆混合的颜色，其实是用未经调合的颜色，以此描绘阳光反射所产生的形形色色的颜色。在马奈的「纯绘画」实验启发下，他们努力寻找色彩最鲜明的题材，通常不再注意感情色彩和文学特性。

   

     1874年，这批画家首次举行独立画展，以与法国美术学院的官方沙龙相抗衡，後者一再拒绝展出他们的大部分作品。莫内的《印象︰日出》一画(1872, 现藏巴黎马摩坦博物馆〔Musee Marmottan〕)，最初曾使人们用印象派这一名称讥笑这批画家。他们後来陆续举办了7次画展，最後一次在1886年举行。在此期间，他们继续发展自己的个人和个性风格。1886年以後，印象派团体宣布解散。其存在时间虽然很短，但在艺术史上却完成了一次革命，使西方後来产生的各种绘画得以从画家和题材之间的既定束缚关系中解放出来。

    

    在音乐方面，德布西通常被认为是主要的印象主义者。德布西音乐从他的第一部作品到最後一部作品，都各有不同的特点，因此只有约1892～1903年间完成的乐曲和一些风格上同这个时期乐曲酷似的後期作品，才可以说具有一般含义上的印象主义。他的印象作品有歌剧《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》(Pelleas et Melisande,1902年首演)，交响诗《云雾》(《夜曲》〔Nocturnes〕之一, 1899年作)和钢琴曲《帆》(见《两套前奏曲》〔Douze Preludes〕第一册, 1910)。其他被认为属於印象派的作曲家有拉威尔(Maurice Ravel)、戴流士(Frederick Delius)、雷史碧基(Ottorino Respighi)、席曼诺夫斯基(Karol〔Maciej〕Szymanowski)和葛利菲斯(Charles Griffes)。音乐上的印象主义往往被认为是指一种微妙脆弱、消极杂乱、情绪暧昧的音乐。印象主义音乐的特点，说得确切些则是拘谨、克制、平静，一种由於作曲家把纯音响想像为美和神秘的目的本身，从而形成的丰富多采的效果。印象主义虽被认为是摆脱浪漫主义的过分放纵的一种运动，但其许多特点可以在一些又被称为表现主义的浪漫主义先驱者的作曲家(如李斯特、华格纳和斯克里亚宾〔Aleksandr Scria! bin〕)的作品中找到根源。

    

文学方面的印象主义，一般来说是一种高度个性化的写作手法，反映作家的个人气质。一些作家的作品以其感染力很强而被认为可与绘画方面的印象主义相提并论，他们是托玛斯曼(Thomas Mann)、赫塞(Herman Hesse)、福特(F. Madox Ford)和沃(Evelyn Waugh)。

中国画

7）中国画

中国画，又简称國畫，古时称为丹青，泛指中国传统的绘画艺术，是琴棋书画四艺之一。狭义的国画指青绿设色画水墨画，而广义的国画则是中国传统风格的壁画、锦画、刺绣、重彩、水墨画、石刻乃至年畫和陶瓷上的绘画等的艺术，也包括近代的中国油画和水彩畫等。

国画和西方绘画的原则有许多不同的地方，其重在神似不重形似，强调观察总结不强调现场临摹，运用散点透视法不用焦点透视法，重视意境不重视场景。现代国画的发展也开始吸收西方绘画的一些技巧，如明暗光影的配置，人体解剖的准确等，也有画家将国画的意境用于油画创作上。 中国画与西方绘画最大不同的区别是颜色调剂上，首先中国画用的墨的主要调剂是胶，胶的稀稀剂，可直接用清水，用其它色彩，也是以胶和，多以矿物质石青、石绿、朱砂等，都是可直接用水稀稀的；而西方油画用色的调剂是油剂。

以上的都是中国风画^^

个人觉得不错的画~

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许多日本人画的图画或漫画都用了art deco style ，art nouvoun style和 art victoria style。

这风格可带出优雅以及高贵。这三个的风格是有circle shape而组成。

处置之外，在上的图片已带出了优雅和高贵的。在上的画也加上了西方国家的风格。

第一眼就能看出图画中的人物是要表达他们是西方人物的身份。

Art Nouveau

5）Art Nouveau 

Art Nouveau 是在1880年代开始，在1890年至1910年达到顶峰。新艺术运动的名字源于萨穆尔·宾(Samuel Bing)在巴黎开设的一间名为“新藝術之家”(La Maison Art Nouveau)的商店，他在那里陈列的都是按这种风格所设计的产品。此艺术运动是在20世纪之初，位于大众文化最高点的艺术和设计风格。它只是被简单地称为现代风格，就像洛可可风格在它那个时代的称呼一样。

Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art". It      is known also as Jugendstil, pronounced , German for "youth style", named after the magazine Jugend, which promoted it, as Modern  in Russia, perhaps named after Parisian gallery "La Maison Moderne".As Secession in Austria-Hungary and its successor states after the Viennese group of artists, and, in Italy, as Stile Liberty from the department store in London, Liberty & Co., which popularised the style. A reaction to academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and plants but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment. It is also considered a philosophy of design of furniture, which was designed according to the whole building and made part of ordinary life. The style was influenced strongly by Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, when Mucha produced a lithographed poster, which appeared on 1 January 1895 in the streets of Paris as an advertisement for the play Gismonda by Victorien Sardou, featuring Sarah Bernhardt . It popularised the new artistic style and its creator to the citizens of Paris . Initially named Style Mucha, his style soon became known as Art Nouveau.Art Nouveau was most popular in Europe.

 以上的五张的照片是已经加上了现代。ART Nouveau 多数用女性来彩画。画里都是用弯曲线组成。带出优雅的风格。

 21世纪后，已多人用art nouveau的风格彩画和设计。（以上3张图）

也在手链，颈链，首饰和其它的物资上都能找到art nouveau 风格。

日本人也是常用art nouveau风格放在animax里。

包括建筑物上也是。。

当我知道art nouveau的风格后我发现了我以前所画和设计的art work都是有art nouveau的风格。我会努力朝向art nouveau风格在我画中。

Paul Rand

 4)Paul Rand

Paul Rand  born in the Peretz Rosenbaum. He birth on august 15, 1914.  On November 26, 1996 is death date of his ,because he died of cancer . He was a well-known American graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. Including the logos for IBM, UPS, Enron, Westinghouse, ABC, and Steve Jobs’ NeXT.  He remains one of the most famous graphic designers in the world . He was one of the originators of the Swiss Style of graphic design. Rand was educated at the Pratt Institute (1929-1932), the Parsons School of Design (1932-1933), and the Art Students League (1933-1934).In 1974, he again taught design at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Rand was inducted into the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1972 . He designed many posters and corporate identities including the logos for IBM and ABC.

Before Rand his life, his father be unsatisfied his in art way.So, his father always warned him that art was no way to make a living, but he still agreed to let his son attend night classes at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn. Rand is  a self-taught-designer. He spending time in bookshops,while he discorvered ‘Commercial Art’ and ‘Gebrauchsgrafik’. Graphic design was never mentioned at Pratt School, but confronted with this avant-garde european work Rand knew he wanted to focus on the commercial side of art.

He start his career with humble assignments and with a part-time position creating stock images for a syndicate that supplied graphics to various newspapers and magazines. In 1936 Rand was hired as a freelance-designer to produce layouts for “Apparel Arts”, a men’s fashion magazine. Although his methods were unconventional, for they relied on the intelligence of the viewer, it was never too extreme. He gained the trust of his editors and they gave him a long leash. Rand earned a full-time job and an offer to become art-director for the Esquire magazine. “Rand’s new persona, which served as the brand name for his many accomplishments, was the first corporate identity he created, and it may also eventually prove to be the most enduring. In some of his early ads , he also used icons and symbols,a new concept at that time,and introduced simple design s that incorporated white space and color as framing devices.

opinion of my, the rand is a very talented designer.He has always insisted thattoward which he believes is on the way.This is also the way of his dream . Sometime, feeling of me "not rand not now we". So we much more more creative design in my art work.

 About his Art Design